Was COVID-19 pandemic anxiety reflected on nutritional habits in adults?

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the reflection of COVID-19 pandemic anxiety experienced in adults on nutritional habits during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted with 600 adults aged between 19 and 64 years. The general characteristics of the individuals, nutritional habits, use of dietary supplements and COVID-19 pandemic anxiety before and during the pandemic period were questioned via a Web-based questionnaire. COVID-19-related anxiety was assessed using The COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 24.0.FindingsIn this study, 49.8% of the participants stated that their appetite and food consumption amount increased during the pandemic period. The rate of use of dietary supplements among individuals was found to be 40%. It was observed that the mean body weight and body mass index increased significantly in both genders during the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been determined that anxiety about COVID-19 is higher in individuals and women who start using nutritional support during the pandemic period. The total C19P-S and STAI scores of those who started using a dietary supplement during the pandemic were significantly higher than those who did not use a dietary supplement. Similarly, those whose eating habits changed positively and those who bought more packaged products had higher C19P-S scale mean scores (p < 0.05).Originality/valueDuring the COVID-19 period, it is important to reduce the anxiety levels of individuals, provide psychological support, raise awareness of adequate and balanced nutrition and the correct use of dietary supplements to adapt to the new lifestyle.

India and Covid-19: decisive but controversial actions seem to be working

A disclaimer to start with: in a federal union of 1.3 billion persons comprising 17 per cent of humankind, 36 states and territories, multiple languages and ethnic groups, few if any observations are valid across the whole country. Democracies find it hard to make tough decisions and to adapt when they need to improvise without precedents;pre-emption to tackle a problem before it becomes a crisis is never a democratic strength, especially in a federation. India took relatively early steps against Covid-19: visas were rescinded on March 18;international flights stopped on March 22;and domestic flights were terminated on March 24. Prime Minister Narendra Modi called for a 12-h nation-wide voluntary curfew on 22 March, marked with high observance, which was a dress rehearsal for a full lock-down from 24 March for 21 days with relaxations for medicines, media, banks and groceries. The national closure was the most comprehensive in history. At that stage, India had registered 500 cases and 10 deaths. The trade-off was to lose lives to Covid-19, or gain time to prepare health services and risk the economic consequences. Modi acted quickly although it caused hardship to millions. By and large, the lockdown was observed, justifying the theory that Indians react best in emergency mode.

The language of suppression: Muslims, migrant workers, and India's response to COVID-19

When a society faces a moment of crisis, its language can mirror, expose, and reinforce societal chaos and fault lines. As India came to terms with COVID-19, the coronavirus' impacts on different populations exposed and widened India's deep social, economic, and religious divides. This article studies the language of India's response to COVID-19 surrounding three major events that occurred in the early months of the pandemic: the janta curfew, the Tablighi Jamaat incident, and the migrant worker crisis. Through an analysis of media reports, speeches made by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and representations on social media, we see how forms of linguistic trickery—silence, presuppositions, accommodations, othering, dog whistling, and povertyism—were used to suppress, harm, and marginalize two minority groups: Muslims and migrant workers. This article demonstrates how those in power use language to reflect, shape, and reinforce meaning, social hierarchies, and marginalization in a time of crisis. (Linguistic trickery, othering, silence, presupposition, accommodation, dog whistling, povertyism)

A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF GENERATION Z TO THE CONCEPT OF SHIFT WITH THE EFFECT OF COVID-19

In today's world, an event that has not been seen for many years, the virus called Covid-19 has entered human life and seriously affected it. While globalization has had a positive effect in many areas, globalization with Covid-19 has had a negative effect around the world. It has affected many areas of world life since the end of 2019. The most important of these areas is business life. This period, in which measures such as curfews, quarantine, and closure of workplaces were implemented, affected the business life perspective of generation Z, who just started their business life. In a process where remote working models have been discussed in recent years, and different working models have been introduced, especially for the generation Z, remote working and hybrid models have been put forward with Covid-19. This process is an important process that will affect both employers, consumers, and employees. In this context, it is necessary to design overtime concepts within the harmony and coordination of all stakeholders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the perspective of the generation Z on the concept of overtime with the effect of Covid-19 and accordingly to create a decision support system using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). For this, a team of 20 people was first formed, and surveys were prepared to be made to the generation Z individuals. This survey was also conducted on 432 new graduates and senior university students from the generation Z and the results were evaluated. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Günümüz dünyasında uzun yıllardır görülmemiş bir olay ile karşılaşılarak, Covid-19 olarak adlandırılan virüs insan hayatına girerek ciddi bir şekilde etkisi altına almıştır. Küreselleşmenin birçok alanda pozitif etkisi görülürken, Covid-19 ile küreselleşme dünya genelinde negatif olarak bir etki vermiştir. 2019 yılının sonlarından günümüze kadar dünya hayatının birçok alanını etkilemiştir. Bu alanlardan en önemlisi de iş hayatıdır. Sokağa çıkma yasakları, karantina, iş yerlerinin kapatılması gibi tedbirlerin hayata geçirildiği bu dönem, iş hayatına yeni başlayan Z kuşağının iş hayatına bakış açısını etkilemiştir. Son yıllarda uzaktan çalışma modellerinin konuşulduğu, özellikle Z kuşağı açısından farklı çalışma modellerinin ortaya konulmaya başlandığı bir süreçte Covid-19 ile zorunlu olarak uzaktan çalışma ve hibrid modeller ortaya konulmuştur. Bu süreç hem işveren hem tüketici hem de çalışanları etkileyecek önemli bir süreçtir. Bu bağlamda tüm paydaşların uyum ve koordine dahilinde mesai kavramlarının tasarlanması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Covid-19 etkisiyle Z kuşağının mesai kavramına bakış açısını değerlendirmek ve buna bağlı olarak Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) kullanarak bir karar destek sistemi oluşturmaktır. Bunun için öncelikle 20 kişilik bir ekip oluşturulmuş ve bu şekilde Z kuşağı bireylerine yapılmak üzere anketler hazırlanmıştır. Z kuşağından 432 yeni mezun ve üniversite son sınıf öğrencisi üzerinde de bu anket çalışması yapılmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. (Turkish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Electronic Journal of Social Sciences is the property of Electronic Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Empty Streets

This visual essay invites renewed reflection on the iconography of the people. In the spring of 2020, Guatemala's President Alejandro Giammattei prohibited citizens from leaving their homes to help contain the spread of the novel coronavirus known as Covid-19. Doing little to manage the spread of the virus, these curfew events gave new aesthetic and political meaning to a familiar visual genre: photographs of empty streets. For more than a century, and especially in the summer of 2020, images of crowds and mass protests have provided both governments on the one hand, and protesting multitudes on the other with an aesthetic representation of the people. But this interest in collective assemblies has tended to engage only one side of the equation. To fully appreciate the visual power of the people, it is also necessary to understand those images from which people are strikingly absent.

Resilience, endogenous policy responses to COVID-19, and their impacts on farm performance.

Policy measures aimed at containing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic had unintended consequences on economic activities globally. In this study, we isolate and investigate the short-term partial impacts of six such measures on the farm and nonfarm incomes of agricultural households and examine the related resilience factors. Using Nigeria as a case study, we find that the COVID containment measures had mixed effects on farm and non-farm incomes in the short run. These varying effects are due to households' resilience and vulnerability factors, including land size, wealth, income diversification, involvement in processing activities, and reliance on hired labor. Our findings highlight the need for more targeted health crisis containment measures which consider the uniqueness, diversity, and regional heterogeneity of agriculture, especially the potential implications for farm viability.

"En, goed gevoel dat je je stad naar de vernieling hebt geholpen?” Een kwantitatieve analyse van het relationeel besef van burgemeesters in hun publieke reacties op de avondklokrellen

"Well, did you enjoy molesting your home town?”: a quantitative analysis of the relational awareness in mayors' public responses to the COVID-19 anti-curfew riots in the NetherlandsWhen several local mayors fiercely denunciated the violent riots that erupted after a curfew was imposed as a COVID-19 mitigant in the Netherlands, journalistic and academics critics soon warned that such responses often unjustly and counter-effectively depoliticize and delegitimize public protest. The commentators joined a choir of scholars who postulate that public authorities readily distance themselves from troublemakers, let alone acknowledge their grievances. However, our content analysis of mayors' public responses to the Dutch 2021 anti-curfew riots in 719 newspaper articles finds that office holders portray considerable relational awareness. We find that mayors communicate a complex leadership style that crucially combines strict law enforcement with interpersonal empathy.

Hotel owners' perception of tourism in India during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThe paper aims to study hotel owners' perception of tourism in the five creative cities of India during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured, in-depth interviews (N = 30) and participant observation were the methods used for collecting qualitative data. Data was analysed using content analysis.FindingsThe findings reveal the effect of tourism on the psyche of small and medium enterprise hotel owners. Factors contributing to this anxiety are unpreparedness for the crisis, cash flow problems, failure to be flexible in this crisis, inability to leverage hotel's location and lack of hygiene habits.Research limitations/implicationsThe research illustrated a systemic lack of knowledge and training in the unorganized hotel sector in India which if addressed, could assist the hotel owners and staff in building trust toward tourists and a positive attitude toward the crisis.Originality/valueAs the study analyses the unorganized hotel sector in the Indian context, it provides useful insights for the Indian Government and hospitality industry to foster trust and positivity in this sector during the COVID-19 pandemic which could significantly contribute to its revival and psychological recovery of its stakeholders.

SUSTAINABILITY OF GREEN TOURISM BY INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS AND ITS IMPACT ON GREEN ENVIRONMENTAL ACHIEVEMENT: PETRA HERITAGE, JORDAN

The environmental advantages of green tourism are attracting the attention of a wider range of stakeholders. The behavior of travelers toward green tourism sustainability and its impact on the accomplishment of a green environment has not been well studied empirically, particularly in Petra. In this research, we use an expanded framework of the theory of planned behavior to explore the behavioral features of foreign visitors toward the sustainability of green tourism (TPB). Descriptive analysis of the explanatory survey was the method of choice for the research project at hand. A large number of respondents were tourists. Office administrators are responsible for the formulation of a company's corporate strategy. 400 tourists took part in our survey for this research. According to our results, travelers' views toward green tourism were highly influenced by their opinions of the sustainability of green tourism and their environmental concerns. In addition, our findings show that visitors' intentions to engage in the sustainability of green tourism are negatively influenced by subjective norms, whereas tourists' attitudes are positively influenced by these norms. Both environmental concerns and the desire of visitors to engage in green tourism have a substantial influence on ecologically responsible tourism behavior, according to our findings.

Emotions, governmental trust and support for the restriction of civil liberties during the covid‐19 pandemic

The Covid‐19 pandemic brought unprecedented governmental restrictions to personal and political freedoms. This article investigates individual‐level differences in mass support for the restriction of civil liberties during the first wave of the Covid‐19 pandemic. Employing theories of affect and decision making, it assesses the extent to which different emotional reactions toward the pandemic influenced attitudes toward mobile phone surveillance and the implementation of curfews. We test our hypotheses in five advanced European democracies using panel data which allow us to identify the role of emotions in support for restrictive policies controlling for individual heterogeneity. The results suggest that experiencing fear about Covid‐19 had a strong positive impact on supporting these measures, while hope and anger only played a minimal role. Importantly, the findings indicate that emotions moderate the impact of trust toward the government, a key variable for supporting the restriction of civil liberties during the pandemic. Specifically, experiencing fear was associated with higher acceptance of civil liberty restrictions. Further, experiencing fear substantially decreased the effect of trust in the government, rendering those who lack trust toward the government more supportive of civil liberty restrictions. These findings help us understand the psychological mechanisms that leads citizens to swiftly decide to sacrifice their civil liberties in the light of threat. Further, they offer empirical support for the causal role of affect in political decision‐making.

Containing Contagion in a Garrison State: Field Notes from Kashmir

States across the globe have used war metaphors to respond to the pandemic and consequently have imposed warlike emergency lockdowns, suspended freedoms, denounced accountability, bypassed democratic procedures, and further marginalized minorities. Kashmir and Kashmiris were always the proverbial source of contagion for the Indian body politic - the virus that polluted its sacred geography, threatening its territory, delegitimizing its secular claims. In Kashmir, a stringent and impermeable lockdown had been in place since August 2019 to crush popular anger at the Indian government's divestment of Jammu and Kashmir's special constitutional status that offered nominal political autonomy to the disputed state ([11]). [Extracted from the article] Copyright of History of the Present is the property of Duke University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

LEVELS OF SATISFACTION IN VOCATIONAL AND GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH ONLINE LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A CASE STUDY FROM NORTH MACEDONIA

. The COVID-19 pandemic transferred the entire education system across the world from the physical presence of learning to online learning. Nobody was spared from this, starting from children in primary and secondary schools, as well as university students at faculties. Especially for the primary and secondary education sector, where physical presence is more important due to the young age of school children, this rapid transition to online learning posed challenged to both teachers as well as school students. The aim of this study is to obtain a snapshot of the level of satisfaction by school students with online learning in general education (gymnasium) and vocational schools as well as explore some of the associated challenges they occurred when learning online from home. This research was conducted in the Republic of North Macedonia, specifically in the city of Kumanovo and the neighbouring settlement of Lipkovo The methodology of the research is quantitative, whereby 301 respondents took part in this research, of which 141 from two gymnasiums, and 161 from two vocational secondary schools. Based on the data that was collected, it can be concluded that most of the students from gymnasiums and vocational schools are not satisfied with online learning and prefer learning with physical attendance.

The effect of a nighttime curfew on the spread of COVID-19.

While nighttime curfews are less severe restrictions compared to around-the-clock curfews in mitigating the spread of Covid-19, they are nevertheless highly controversial, with the scarce literature on their effectiveness providing mixed evidence. We study the effectiveness of the nighttime curfew in Hamburg, Germany's second largest city, in mitigating the spread of Covid-19. This curfew forbid people from leaving their home between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. for non-essential businesses. Applying both difference-in-differences and synthetic control methods, we find that the curfew was effective in reducing the number of Covid-19 cases. As it is unclear whether and how the virus will mutate in the next time, policy-makers might have to resort to non-pharmaceutical interventions again. Nighttime curfews should be kept in the toolbox of policy-makers to fight Covid-19.

Impact Of The COVID-19 Outbreak On World Trade in Goods And Services: A Structural Break Analysis

2019 yılı Kasım ayında Çin'in Wuhan kentinde COVID-19 pandemisi başlamıştır. Salgının yayılmasını önlemek için birçok ülke sokaǧa çıkma yasakları vb. tedbirler uygulamaya koymuştur. Uygulanan tedbirler nedeniyle dünya genelinde ekonomik faaliyetler durma noktasına gelmiştir. Salgın mal ve hizmet ticaretine de zarar vermiştir. Çalışma, dünya mal ve hizmet ticaretinin salgından nasıl etkilendiǧini analiz etmekte ve literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Dünya ticaret ve seyahat deǧişkenlerinde 2020:03, devlet hizmetlerinde 2020:04, toplam hizmetlerde 2020:05, ulaşımda 2020:02, mal baǧlantılı hizmetlerde 2019:12 ve diǧer ticari hizmetlerde 2020:06 dönemlerinde kırılma olduǧu belirlenmiştir. Yapısal deǧişim analizleri, mal ticaretinin kısa sürede pandemi öncesi düzeyine döndüǧünü göstermiş, ancak hizmetlerde toparlanmanın daha yavaş olduǧu gözlenmiştir.Alternate :COVID-19 pandemic has started in Wuhan, China in November 2019. To prevent the spread of the pandemic, curfews, etc. measures have been implemented in many countries. Due to the measures implemented, economic activities around the world have come to a standstill. The pandemic also harmed the goods and services trade. The study analyzes how the World goods and services trade affected by the pandemic and to contribute to the literature. As a result, it was determined that there was a break in World Trade and travel variables in 2020:03, government services 2020:04, total services 2020:05, transportation 2020:02, goods-related services 2019:12 and other commercial services 2020:06. Structural change analyses showed that goods trade soon returned to its pre-pandemic level;but it was observed that the recovery in services was slow.

Policing the Pandemic in South Africa: Beware of the Remedy

South Africa has had one of "the most stringent lockdowns in the world" - this has become a commonplace in lots of international news pieces on government action in times of the Covid-19 pandemic. What "the most stringent lockdown" meant exactly hardly gets discussed, though, as often these pieces don't really care much about the African side of the epidemic unless it involves some arcane or outrageous aspect that can arouse the reader's imagination. Some readers might have a vague sense that South Africa's lockdown involved a ban on the sale of alcohol and cigarettes as this really made the international headlines. And indeed, this was one part of the lockdown;its merits, especially the ban of cigarettes, are still hotly debated back home in South Africa, where I live. But what it also involved was a total curfew for the first four weeks, unless one needed to buy groceries or go to a doctor. South African people were not allowed to exercise outdoors or even to just stroll down the streets. About four weeks down the line, the curfew was lifted slightly to allow some exercise and freedom to move in the early hours of the morning, from 6-9 am to be exact. I remember the excitement when this window opened up for us to walk the streets again. It was a bit as if we were seeing the world for the first time. My daughter and I then also went for a walk every morning.

Q&A: ‘Medicine has to come from the heart’

Speed read ‘Unconventional’ path led Kenyan doctor to medicine Medicine challenging, but rewarding, says WHO global health awardee Anger over maternal deaths led to new support service As reports grew last year that women were dying of pregnancy related complications while Nairobi was under a COVID-19 curfew, Jemimah Kariuki took to social media to offer help. Wheels for Life has so far helped 10,000 women get medical support and arranged 2,000 taxi and ambulance trips. Where are the patients? Because pregnancy did not stop, so where are the patients?

Assessment Of Audience Response To Media Campaigns On Covid-19 Pandemic In Bonny Island, Rivers State Nigeria

The focus of this research was to assess the audience response to the mass media campaigns of covid-19 in Bonny Island of Rivers State in Nigeria. It found the level of awareness of the audience on the mass media campaigns of covid-19 in Bonny Island of Rivers State in Nigeria in Nigeria. This study adopted quantitative data collection, that is, survey of the campaign audience. The following research questions were answered;Is the covid-19 media awareness in Bonny Island of Rivers State accessible to the inhabitants of the area? Has the media campaign created all the necessary awareness of covid-19 in Bonny Island of Rivers State? Has the awareness made any positive impact on the health behavior of inhabitants of Bonny Island of Rivers State? The researcher embarked on house to house visit in Bonny Island of Rivers State. Therefore, a total of 156 respondents were used. To arrive at the above sample size, Taro Yamane's statistics was adopted based on National Population Commission of Nigeria projected figure as at April, 2020, Bonny has a population of 302,000. Questionnaires were administered to each of the respondents visited and their views were obtained. However, out of the total of 156 questionnaires distributed, 141 (90%) questionnaires were correctly completed and returned, while 15 (10%) were not returned. The data collected were segmented into three dimensions of interest;awareness evaluation, effective evaluation and impact evaluation. The data collected answered the three research questions, and the findings from the three research questions answered were also discussed. Therefore, the theoretical framework adopted was Social Distribution of Knowledge model.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Gambling

Introduction. Gambling is a well-known social issue, which seems to address immediate needs of a large portion of population in the entire world. Throughout various periods of curfews enacted by the medical authorities, the society experiences various challenges, a fact that puts a great amount of psychological pressure on gamblers and their families, that is rather difficult to he asssessed. Aim. The presentation seeks to assess the effects of anti-pandemic social measures, especially those imposed after March 2020, on mental wellfare and behaviour of bettors. By assessing the intentions and measures related to sport competitions in the near future, we tried to identify the overall impact on pending routines and lifestyle from any available data. Materials and method. The paper found sources in the psychological and medical literature in order to identify spending routines of bettors and pathological behaviours, as expressed in DSM-5. The paper also discusses the factors introduced into society by coronavirus and the restrictions that accompanied the phenomenon of gambling. Sources from the international media are used to assess the intended measures upon gambling industry and the possible general impact on the mental health of the Romanian population. Results. The changes of some social routines, imposed upon population in the context of coronavirus, are simply supposed to be accompanied by increases in depression and anxiety. The new economic and societal challenges bring with them the risk of increasing mental health disturbances among the gamblers. Conclusion. Worldwide gambling spending has decreased during the pandemic. Various attempts of assessing whether this is a bad phenomenon or not should take into consideration the amount of money left in the economy by these measures, the unpaid taxes from a reduced activity in gambling, the psychiatric impact upon diagnosed gamblers. New lockdowns imposed on the population are possible in the near future, so better ways to deal with the impact upon gamblers are necessary.

Social Resets and Suicides during Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction. Well-known as a public health problem, suicide is known to cause many deaths during periods of economic and social unrest. Through the social changes imposed by the political and medical actors, the society knows old challenges, but also some completely new ones, which seem to influence the suicidal behavior among the population. Aim. The paper tries to present the effects of anti-Covid-19 social measures, especially those decided by the Romanian authorities between March 2020 and March 2021, on mental health and suicidal behavior. Also, by assessing the public polity intentions expressed publicly in European leadership circles for the medium-term future, we wanted to identify the impact on lifestyle and suicidal behaviour. Materials and method. The paper uses the medical literature in order to identify traditional or new risk factors for suicide, introduced into society by SARS-Cov-2 and the social restrictions that accompanied it. Also, sources from the domestic and international media are used to evaluate the future announced social resets and the possible impact on the suicidal behavior among the Romanian population. Results. The feeling of induced fear and the change of some social routines, imposed by the political factors in the context of the Covid-19 virus, are supposed to he accompanied by increases in the suicide rate. The new economic challenges and social antagonisms, predictable for the near future, bring with them the risk of increasing suicidal behavior among the world's population and Romania. Conclusion. In various countries, suicide rates have risen during the pandemic. New social measures are announced in authoritarian tones, with no intention of assessing the impact on the mental health of the population. Me implementation of these innovative measures should be done only after balancing the psychological and psychiatric impact. The alternative torch be the emergence of new epidemics of mental illness and suicide, which can unbalance society, as has never happened before.